Middle East Essays (429 words) - Palestine Liberation Organization

Middle East Essays (429 words) - Palestine Liberation Organization Middle East Middle East The political systems of Middle Eastern countries display considerable variety. For much of the post-World War II period, the greatest distinction was between the conservative, capitalist, pro-Western monarchies and the reformist, socialist, and neutralist or pro-Eastern republics, many of which were military regimes. Pan-Arabism, which seeks to reunite the Arabs, was a dominant ideological force in much of the region. The failure of Arab unification schemes, particularly between Egypt and Syria between 1958 and 1961, and the passage of time encouraged the growth of state-based nationalism. The perceived failure of European-derived ideologies also encouraged the spread of Islamic fundamentalism and the search for indigenous solutions to the region's problems. Perhaps no other region of the world has suffered so much political turmoil since World War II. Since 1979 the Iranian revolution, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the assassination of President Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt, the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, an epidemic of terrorist incidents, a United States attack on Libya, and the Persian Gulf War have occurred. Yemen, Jordan, Sudan, and Lebanon have been ravaged by civil wars. From 1980 to 1988 Iran and Iraq were embroiled in a bloody conflict. Casualties amounted to 1 million for each side. But the most protracted conflict has been between the Arabs and Israelis, who fought wars over territory and the rights of the Palestinians in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1973, and 1982. In 1988 Palestine was declared an independent state by the Palestine National Council. This declaration led to frequent and often violent clashes between Israelis and Palestinians. On Aug. 2, 1990, Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait after accusations over a disputed oil field. This resulted in war against Iraq early in 1991 by a United Nations (UN) coalition led by the United States. Iraq was soundly defeated in six weeks. Israel did not join the conflict, in spite of Iraq's firing Scud missiles at Israeli targets. This restraint on Israel's part opened the way for unprecedented peace talks with the Arab states. These began in September 1991 and continued intermittently for the next two years. A change of government in Israel led to secret meetings in Oslo, Norway, with representatives of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The outcome was an Israeli- Palestinian accord signed in Washington on Sept. 13, 1993. For the first time, Israel recognized the PLO. It also granted limited self-rule to Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip and Jericho. Israel and the PLO pledged to begin working out a permanent settlement in 1995, if the accord succeeded.

We, On The Death Row Essays - Business, Clothing, Economy

We, On The Death Row Essays - Business, Clothing, Economy We, On The Death Row WE, ON DEATH ROW BENETTONS CAMPAIGN Since 1989, Benetton officially adopted the trademark, United Colors of Benetton, initiating and formalizing more than ten years strategy to radically transform the face of conventional advertising. In place of the product, Benetton presented powerful and problematic visual images of social issues of universal importance such as environmental disasters, peace, AIDS, terrorism, murder, tolerance of diversity and struggle against racism. Benettons advertising campaigns and social communication strategies are a clear echo of contemporary culture and society. Benettons United Colors Campaign transformed the traditional notions of advertising, so that the goal is no longer to simply sell their products, the brand name or to create a desire. Instead, their campaigns promote social concerns, critiques and ideologies. Since Oliviero Toscani, photographer and creative director of Benetton advertising, arrived to the company, controversy has accompanied every campaign. Since then, campaigns have been based on photographs and journals. The use of crisis-torn images for commercials ends is what causes disturb to audiences, but has allowed Toscani to use a commercial medium for humanitarian ends. Because of the mentioned above, Benetton moreover than being just a clothing store, has become into a social entity. Where its not only having a relationship with people because of fashion, but also has established relationship through sports (basketball, rugby, volleyball, and cars), and social concerns around the world. We, On Death Row is a $20 million project. Created by Benetton in association with the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) and the international death penalty abolitionist group, Rome- based Hands Off Cain. The campaign contains 26 photographs of people on death row with their names, ages and execution day over the words sentenced to death. This campaign has already appeared in the Talk magazine with a special 100 pages brochure along with interviews (innocent interviews) made by the journalist Ken Schulman (a collaborator of the Newsweek magazine). This pictures has also appear on billboards, posters, newspapers and obviously available in the Benetton web page. There have been a great variety of reactions and opinions regarding these images. And because of this it is important to mention the positive and negative aspects about the campaign, establishing it in a global perspective (not with an American perspective). I am analyzing the campaign in a global perspective, because it is not a campaign targeted only to the U.S. public. It is a campaign designed to target people throughout the world. And even though the campaign was produced in the U.S., the U.S market is not the only one and even more it is not the principal market. POSITIVE ABOUT THE MARKETING/ADVERTISING STRATEGY: First of all it is important to mention that the reaction has occur only in some places, specially the death penalty states. In other places is little noticed (like for example Washington state). This kind of reaction it is mainly a reaction in the U.S. because for example Italians, longtime opponents of the death penalty, increasingly are crusading against its use abroad. Over the coming year, Rome's colosseum is to be lighten up for 48 hours every time a death sentence is suspended anywhere in the world or a country abolishes the death penalty. The arguments in favor of capital punishment center around: an eye for an eye. What kind of argument is this? The campaign is about the death penalty. Leaving aside any social, political or moral consideration, this project aims at showing to the public the reality of capital punishment (Benetton, Looking). The real goal of the campaign is to put a human face on individuals this country is looking to execute and to create a dialog on the issue of punishment, regardless of the crime the individual committed, Speedy Rice a professor of law at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Wash., who served as NACDL's point man on the project and coordinated the visits with corrections officials, inmates, and their lawyers explained. This isn't intended as a slight to the victims or families. We just wanted to focus on the punishment. It is difficult to me to understand what is the real conflict in the people who disagree on the campaign. But the only answer I can put to this is that only here, in

433Mod4Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

433Mod4Case - Essay Example Usability needs to be assessed on the basis of three important factors- semantics, features and operations. Semantics denotes that a particular software or tool can be considered to possess high usability if its entire approach is user friendly in nature. In relation to features usability is judged on the basis of absence or presence of certain elements in user interface. The other important component is operations and this helps in evaluating affective and performance levels of certain tasks (Usability First, 2011). Software usability needs to be analyzed from both ends that are from view point of users as well as experts. This would help in determining the overall scenario in terms of effectiveness and efficiency of software or a program. Verification and validation process in normally conducted in the final phase of software implementation. The documentation that is prepared by HCI experts comprise of various elements that defines relevant instructions associated with the software (User Interface Design and Usability, 2009). There are different assessment criteria’s for different software tools on the basis of their programming and objective. However end users are a key component in the entire evaluation process. HCI experts are involved in selecting tools and methods that would help in determining loopholes present in the software. There are two major techniques that are incorporated by users in evaluation process that are early life cycle techniques and late life cycle techniques. The early life cycle technique can be regarded as heuristic evaluation which helps to identify usability issues before implementation phase. These issues are the resolved and implemented in the iterative design process. On the other hand late life cycle technique is applied after the software implementation process has been completed (Nielsen, 2011). This technique is usually in the form of